The boat engine can be re-purposed for vehicle use. My understanding is that all that is needed is a car / truck camshaft, distributor, and application appropriate exhaust manifolds, oil pan, and front timing chain cover. I'm unsure about the bellhousing. The crankshaft needs no modification. No FoMoCo 312 y-block crankshafts were forged. All 312 cranks were cast iron.
Myself, I would change-out the intake manifold and carburetors as well. Some individuals have run the boat two carb intake manifold and carburetors on their street vehicles. This is more for looks than function as the two single barrel carbs used on the 312 marine application don't provide great breathing ability to the engine for street and highway rpm operating range.
The boat specific components are regularly advertised on eBay, sometimes as a package, sometimes individually.
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Hope this helps.
NoShortcuts
a.k.a. Charlie Brown
near Syracuse, New York